Determining the dimensions of a conduit designed for fluid or gas conveyance involves specific techniques that differ based on whether one is dealing with an existing installation or selecting a new component. The process typically entails identifying the nominal pipe size (NPS), which is a set of standard sizes. For example, a pipe labeled as NPS 2 has an outside diameter of 2.375 inches, though the inside diameter varies depending on the wall thickness. Actual physical measurement must take into account these standardized conventions.
Accurate dimensional assessment is crucial for proper system functionality and leak prevention. Incorrect fittings can lead to significant operational inefficiencies and costly repairs. Historically, pipe sizing evolved through practical application and standardization efforts, resulting in the current NPS system. Understanding the nuances of these established standards is essential for engineers, plumbers, and anyone working with piping systems.