Gesso, in its traditional form, is a white paint mixture consisting of a binder mixed with chalk, gypsum, pigment, or a combination of these. It is applied to surfaces to prepare them for painting, most commonly canvas or wood panels. The application of this material creates a slightly textured, absorbent ground, improving the adhesion of subsequent layers of paint. For example, prior to applying oil paints to canvas, a layer of this ground material is often applied.
The preparation of a suitable ground is crucial for the longevity and visual quality of the artwork. A properly prepared surface prevents the paint from sinking into the support, which can dull colors and cause the support to deteriorate over time. Furthermore, its use has historical significance, dating back to ancient Egypt, and has been a cornerstone of painting techniques for centuries. Its application ensures proper paint adhesion, color vibrancy, and long-term preservation of paintings.
