The scenario where a Battery Management System (BMS) is wired in a configuration that continues to allow battery discharge even when it should be preventing it signifies a critical malfunction or misconfiguration. This situation commonly arises when the BMS is bypassed, improperly connected, or when internal failures within the BMS prevent it from correctly interrupting the discharge path. For example, if the discharge MOSFET within the BMS fails in a shorted state, or if the control circuitry responsible for opening that MOSFET malfunctions, the battery will continue to supply current to the load, irrespective of protection thresholds.
Addressing this issue is of paramount importance due to the potential for severe consequences, including battery over-discharge, cell damage, fire hazard, and premature battery pack degradation. Historically, incorrect wiring and inadequate BMS designs have contributed to numerous battery-related incidents. Correct wiring and functional verification are crucial to ensuring the safety and longevity of battery-powered systems. Properly functioning BMS units contribute to the overall reliability and safe operation of any device dependent on a rechargeable battery.