The process of purifying the potable water storage receptacle within a recreational vehicle is crucial for ensuring the safety and quality of drinking water. This procedure involves eliminating bacteria, algae, and other contaminants that can accumulate over time, particularly when the unit is stored or used infrequently.
Regular purification of this containment system is vital for preventing waterborne illnesses and unpleasant tastes or odors. Ignoring this maintenance can lead to health risks and necessitate costly repairs due to accumulated sediment or organic growth. Historically, various methods, including chlorine-based solutions, have been employed to achieve adequate disinfection, reflecting an evolving understanding of effective sanitation practices.
The subsequent sections will detail the steps involved in the purification procedure, outline recommended solutions and concentrations, and provide guidance on maintaining a sanitary water system for optimal recreational vehicle use.
1. Drainage
Complete drainage is a critical initial step in the recreational vehicle potable water tank sanitation process. Residual water within the tank harbors contaminants, sediments, and biofilms that impede effective disinfection. Incomplete drainage diminishes the efficacy of subsequent sanitizing solutions, necessitating higher concentrations or extended contact times to achieve comparable results. For example, if standing water remains in the tank bottom due to inadequate drainage, the sanitizing solution will be diluted, failing to eliminate all microorganisms effectively.
The practical application of thorough drainage extends beyond the initial sanitation phase. Proper drainage practices, performed after each RV trip or storage period, minimizes long-term water stagnation and prevents the accelerated growth of harmful bacteria. A failure to drain the tank adequately after sanitization could lead to the reintroduction of contaminants from the remaining water into the newly sanitized environment, negating the benefits of the treatment. RV models are generally equipped with a drain valve positioned at the lowest point of the tank. Ensuring a level RV orientation further assists complete drainage.
In conclusion, efficient drainage is not merely a preliminary step but a foundational element in maintaining a safe potable water system in a recreational vehicle. Addressing challenges associated with complete drainage, such as tank geometry or clogged drain valves, is vital for maximizing the benefits of the sanitation procedure. This contributes significantly to the overall quality and safety of the RV’s water supply.
2. Flushing
Flushing is an indispensable component of recreational vehicle potable water tank sanitation, acting as a critical preparatory and post-treatment measure. Effective flushing ensures removal of residual contaminants, sanitizing solutions, and loose particulate matter, optimizing overall water system hygiene.
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Pre-Sanitization Flushing: Removal of Sediments and Biofilms
Prior to applying any sanitizing agent, thorough flushing with potable water removes loose sediments, biofilms, and residual debris accumulated within the tank and water lines. This step significantly reduces the bio-load, allowing the sanitizing solution to more effectively target remaining microorganisms. Failure to pre-flush can result in reduced efficacy of the sanitization process, necessitating higher concentrations of sanitizing agents or repeated treatments.
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Post-Sanitization Flushing: Elimination of Residual Sanitizer
After the sanitizing solution has been allowed adequate contact time, extensive flushing with potable water is essential to remove any residual sanitizing agent. Inadequate flushing can result in the persistence of unpleasant tastes and odors in the water, potentially impacting water palatability and consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to high concentrations of sanitizing agents can potentially degrade components of the water system, reducing their service life.
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Flushing of Water Lines: Addressing Hidden Contaminants
Effective sanitation extends beyond the potable water tank to encompass the entire water distribution system. This includes water lines, faucets, and showerheads, all of which can harbor contaminants. Flushing these components following tank sanitation helps to ensure consistent water quality throughout the system. Neglecting water line flushing can result in the reintroduction of contaminants into the sanitized tank, negating the benefits of the initial treatment.
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Flushing Frequency and Volume: Optimizing Sanitation Effectiveness
The frequency and volume of water used during flushing impacts the effectiveness of the sanitation process. Multiple flushes, using a volume of water equivalent to at least the tank’s capacity, are recommended to ensure complete removal of contaminants and residual sanitizing solutions. Insufficient flushing can result in suboptimal water quality and a persistent risk of waterborne illness.
In summary, the strategic application of flushing, both before and after sanitization, is paramount for achieving and maintaining a safe and potable water supply in recreational vehicles. Integrating flushing into the overall sanitation protocol ensures the removal of contaminants and sanitizing solution, contributing to a cleaner, safer, and more pleasant water experience.
3. Solution Concentration
The concentration of the sanitizing solution used is a critical parameter in the successful purification of a recreational vehicle potable water tank. An appropriate concentration ensures the effective elimination of microbial contaminants, while an insufficient level may render the sanitation process ineffective. Precise calculation and adherence to recommended concentration guidelines are paramount for achieving water potability.
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Bacterial Eradication Thresholds
Different microorganisms exhibit varying susceptibility to sanitizing agents. A concentration that effectively eradicates common bacteria, such as E. coli, may be inadequate for resistant organisms like certain algae or viruses. Understanding the range of potential contaminants and their respective eradication thresholds is crucial for selecting an appropriate solution concentration. For instance, a solution of 50 ppm chlorine might eliminate most bacteria, but a concentration of 100 ppm is generally recommended to address a broader spectrum of potential contaminants.
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Material Compatibility Considerations
Recreational vehicle water tanks and plumbing systems are constructed from various materials, including plastics, rubbers, and metals. Excessive concentrations of certain sanitizing agents can degrade these materials, leading to premature failure or the leaching of undesirable chemicals into the water supply. Consideration must be given to the material compatibility of the chosen sanitizing solution and the adherence to manufacturer-recommended concentration limits. Utilizing a high concentration of bleach, for example, could cause corrosion in certain metal fittings.
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Impact on Taste and Odor
While an elevated concentration of sanitizing solution may enhance microbial eradication, it can also negatively impact the taste and odor of the potable water. Residual sanitizing agents, even after thorough rinsing, may impart an unpleasant flavor or smell, reducing water palatability and potentially discouraging adequate hydration. Balancing the need for effective sanitation with the maintenance of acceptable water quality is a key consideration. For example, using a lower concentration of chlorine followed by an extended contact time may achieve equivalent disinfection with less residual odor.
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Public Health Guidelines and Regulations
Public health agencies provide guidelines and regulations pertaining to potable water sanitation, including recommended concentrations of approved sanitizing agents. Adherence to these guidelines ensures compliance with established safety standards and minimizes the risk of waterborne illness. Deviation from recommended concentrations may result in legal liabilities and compromise the health of recreational vehicle occupants. Consulting local health authority recommendations is crucial when determining the appropriate sanitization solution concentration.
In summation, determining the optimal solution concentration for potable water tank sanitation in a recreational vehicle necessitates careful consideration of various factors. Balancing microbial eradication, material compatibility, taste and odor concerns, and adherence to public health guidelines is essential for achieving a safe, palatable, and compliant water supply. A thorough understanding of these interdependencies is critical for responsible recreational vehicle maintenance.
4. Contact Time
Contact time, the duration for which a sanitizing solution remains in contact with the surfaces within a recreational vehicle’s potable water system, is a critical determinant of disinfection efficacy. Insufficient contact time compromises the sanitizing agent’s ability to eradicate microbial contaminants, potentially leading to an unsafe water supply. Conversely, excessive contact time may, in certain instances, lead to material degradation or increased residual taste and odor issues.
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Microbial Inactivation Kinetics
Microbial inactivation by sanitizing agents is a time-dependent process. The rate at which microorganisms are killed is influenced by the concentration of the sanitizing agent, the type of microorganism, and environmental factors such as temperature. A shorter contact time necessitates a higher concentration of sanitizing agent to achieve the same level of disinfection. For example, a 50 ppm chlorine solution may require 12 hours of contact time to effectively kill bacteria, whereas a 100 ppm solution might achieve a similar result in a shorter duration. Inadequate contact time allows surviving microorganisms to proliferate, negating the intended sanitation benefits.
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Biofilm Penetration Requirements
Biofilms, complex communities of microorganisms embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, can develop on the inner surfaces of water tanks and plumbing. These biofilms offer a protective barrier against sanitizing agents, requiring longer contact times for the sanitizing solution to penetrate the biofilm and reach the underlying microorganisms. Simply flushing the tank may not remove a biofilm. The sanitation agent needs to penetrate it. Therefore, longer contact times, often exceeding several hours, are necessary to effectively disrupt and disinfect these biofilms. Failure to address biofilms renders the sanitation process incomplete and increases the risk of recurring contamination.
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Temperature Dependency
The rate of chemical reactions, including those involved in microbial inactivation, is influenced by temperature. Higher temperatures generally accelerate the disinfection process, reducing the required contact time. Conversely, lower temperatures slow down the process, necessitating longer contact times to achieve equivalent disinfection. For instance, sanitizing a water tank during cold weather may require an extended contact time to compensate for the reduced activity of the sanitizing agent. Therefore, adjusting contact time based on water temperature is crucial for optimal sanitation efficacy.
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Residual Disinfectant Considerations
While prolonged contact time enhances disinfection, it may also increase the risk of residual disinfectant remaining in the water system after rinsing. Excessive residual disinfectant can impart an undesirable taste or odor to the water, potentially affecting its palatability. It is imperative to balance the need for adequate contact time with the necessity of thoroughly rinsing the system to remove residual sanitizing agent. Employing a neutralizing agent, such as a dechlorinating filter, can further mitigate this issue. This demonstrates that the determination of contact time is not only for microorganism elimination but also for a final consumable output of potable water.
In summary, appropriate contact time is a vital parameter in potable water tank sanitation within a recreational vehicle. Consideration of microbial inactivation kinetics, biofilm penetration requirements, temperature dependency, and residual disinfectant issues is essential for achieving optimal disinfection while maintaining water palatability. An understanding of these interdependencies is crucial for ensuring a safe and pleasant water supply for recreational vehicle users. Moreover, these facets directly correlate with the efficacy of sanitizing recreational vehicle water tanks to provide safe, potable water.
5. Chlorine Residual
Chlorine residual, the measurable concentration of chlorine remaining in water after a designated contact time, serves as a critical indicator of successful purification within recreational vehicle potable water systems. The presence of an adequate chlorine residual signifies the sustained disinfection capacity of the treated water, mitigating the risk of subsequent microbial contamination. Precise monitoring and maintenance of chlorine residual are essential for ensuring ongoing water safety.
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Indicator of Disinfection Efficacy
The presence of a sufficient chlorine residual demonstrates that the applied chlorine concentration was adequate to inactivate a substantial portion of the microorganisms present in the water system. A low or absent chlorine residual suggests that the initial chlorine dose was insufficient, that organic matter consumed the available chlorine, or that the contact time was inadequate. Monitoring the chlorine residual provides a quantitative measure of disinfection efficacy, informing adjustments to sanitation protocols as needed. For instance, a residual of 0.5 ppm after 24 hours indicates effective disinfection and continued protection against microbial regrowth, while a reading below this threshold prompts re-evaluation of sanitization procedures.
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Protection Against Post-Treatment Contamination
A maintained chlorine residual offers residual protection against microbial contamination that may occur after the initial sanitation process. This protection is particularly important in recreational vehicle water systems, which are often subject to intermittent use and variable storage conditions. A chlorine residual acts as a continuous disinfectant, preventing the proliferation of microorganisms introduced through external sources or leaching from tank surfaces. The consistent existence of a residual ensures water safety, even during periods of infrequent use or storage. A small amount of chlorine residual protects the water tank even if the water sits in the water tank for a long period of time.
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Measurement and Monitoring Protocols
Accurate measurement of chlorine residual requires the use of appropriate testing methods and adherence to established monitoring protocols. Chlorine test kits, utilizing colorimetric or electrochemical techniques, provide a means of quantifying chlorine levels in water samples. Regular monitoring of chlorine residual, particularly after sanitation and during periods of extended use, ensures that disinfection levels remain within acceptable limits. Documenting these monitoring efforts creates a data log to analyze and adjust sanitation procedures. Periodic readings can predict when another tank cleaning is needed.
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Balancing Safety and Palatability
While an adequate chlorine residual is crucial for water safety, excessively high levels can negatively impact water palatability, imparting an undesirable taste and odor. Balancing the need for effective disinfection with the maintenance of acceptable sensory qualities requires careful control of chlorine dosage and monitoring of chlorine residual. Neutralizing agents, such as activated carbon filters, can be used to reduce chlorine levels without compromising disinfection efficacy. Therefore, appropriate adjustment of sanitation protocols, including the adjustment of chlorine residual is crucial to making sure the water is safe and potable.
In conclusion, chlorine residual is an indispensable parameter in ensuring the ongoing safety and potability of water in recreational vehicle systems. By serving as an indicator of disinfection efficacy and providing continuous protection against microbial contamination, chlorine residual plays a vital role in safeguarding the health of recreational vehicle users. Meticulous monitoring and management of chlorine residual are, therefore, essential components of any comprehensive water sanitation program. Furthermore, an appropriate chlorine residual also contributes to water potability and prevents further accumulation of undesirable contaminants.
6. Post-Sanitization Rinse
The post-sanitization rinse represents a critical final step in the process of potable water tank sanitation within recreational vehicles. Inadequate execution of this rinsing procedure can negate the benefits of prior disinfection efforts, potentially resulting in water that is unpalatable or even unsafe for consumption.
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Removal of Residual Sanitizing Agents
The primary function of a post-sanitization rinse is the complete removal of residual sanitizing agents, such as chlorine or bleach. Failure to adequately rinse the tank and water lines can lead to elevated concentrations of these chemicals in the water supply, imparting an unpleasant taste and odor. For example, if a chlorine solution is used for sanitation and the tank is not thoroughly rinsed, residual chlorine can persist, rendering the water unpalatable and potentially causing irritation of the mucous membranes.
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Prevention of Material Degradation
Prolonged exposure to certain sanitizing agents can degrade the materials used in the construction of the water tank and plumbing system. Plastics, rubbers, and metals may be susceptible to corrosion, cracking, or leaching of undesirable chemicals into the water supply. A comprehensive post-sanitization rinse minimizes the risk of such material degradation by removing the corrosive sanitizing agents. For instance, if a high concentration of bleach is left in prolonged contact with rubber seals, it can lead to premature failure and leakage.
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Mitigation of Microbial Regrowth
Residual organic matter and nutrients remaining in the water system after sanitation can promote the regrowth of microorganisms. The post-sanitization rinse helps to remove these potential nutrient sources, reducing the likelihood of subsequent microbial contamination. If a water tank contains residual sediment or debris, even after sanitation, these materials can serve as a substrate for bacterial growth, negating the initial disinfection efforts.
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Restoration of Water Palatability
The ultimate goal of potable water tank sanitation is to provide a safe and palatable water supply for recreational vehicle users. A properly executed post-sanitization rinse contributes significantly to water palatability by removing residual sanitizing agents, organic matter, and other contaminants that can impart undesirable tastes and odors. Water that is clear, odorless, and free from chemical residues is more likely to be consumed in sufficient quantities, supporting hydration and overall health.
In conclusion, the post-sanitization rinse is an indispensable component of a comprehensive recreational vehicle water tank sanitation program. By removing residual sanitizing agents, preventing material degradation, mitigating microbial regrowth, and restoring water palatability, this final step ensures that the water supply is both safe and enjoyable for recreational vehicle occupants. Consistent and thorough rinsing practices are essential for maintaining a hygienic and functional potable water system. This contributes to the overall integrity of the RV system and the potable water quality.
7. Water Heater Bypass
The water heater bypass plays a critical role in the recreational vehicle potable water tank sanitation process. Without a bypass system, the water heater becomes an integral part of the sanitation circuit, requiring a significantly larger volume of sanitizing solution and a more complex rinsing procedure. The bypass effectively isolates the water heater tank, preventing the introduction of concentrated sanitizing agents that could potentially damage the heating element, anode rod, or tank lining. For instance, repeated exposure to high chlorine levels can corrode the water heater’s internal components, reducing its lifespan and potentially contaminating the water supply with metallic byproducts.
The utilization of a water heater bypass during sanitation significantly streamlines the process. By excluding the water heater’s tank capacity (typically 6 to 10 gallons) from the sanitation circuit, a smaller volume of sanitizing solution is required, reducing both the cost and time associated with the procedure. Furthermore, the subsequent rinsing process is greatly simplified, as the water heater tank does not need to be flushed of residual sanitizing agents. An example of practical application would be during winterization, where antifreeze is introduced into the potable water system. Without the bypass, a substantial amount of antifreeze would be required to fill the water heater, a cost that can be avoided with the bypass activated.
In summation, the water heater bypass is an essential component of recreational vehicle water system maintenance, facilitating efficient and effective tank sanitation. The device minimizes the volume of chemicals needed, protects the water heater components from potentially damaging exposure, and simplifies the rinsing process. Understanding the function and proper operation of the bypass valve is crucial for maintaining a safe and potable water supply within the recreational vehicle. Failure to use the bypass could cause damage to components in the water heater system and create an unsafe method during sanitation and cleaning.
8. Record Keeping
The meticulous documentation of potable water tank sanitation procedures within recreational vehicles serves as a critical component of responsible maintenance and preventative healthcare. Effective sanitation protocols are contingent upon consistent execution and adherence to established guidelines. Record keeping facilitates the tracking of sanitation frequency, the types and concentrations of sanitizing agents used, contact times, and chlorine residual measurements. This documentation establishes a verifiable history of water system maintenance. For instance, if a waterborne illness occurs, detailed records can assist in identifying potential breaches in the sanitation process, enabling corrective actions and preventing future incidents. The absence of such records hinders effective troubleshooting and risk mitigation.
The practical application of record keeping extends beyond reactive problem-solving. Proactive analysis of sanitation logs allows for the identification of trends and the optimization of procedures. For example, if records consistently indicate rapid depletion of chlorine residual, it may suggest the presence of persistent biofilms requiring more aggressive treatment or the need for more frequent sanitation cycles. Furthermore, documentation of sanitation activities can serve as a valuable resource during the sale or transfer of ownership of a recreational vehicle, providing potential buyers with assurance regarding the water system’s maintenance history. Proper record keeping is a useful tool for managing maintenance scheduling.
In summation, diligent record keeping is intrinsically linked to effective water tank sanitation within recreational vehicles. It enables informed decision-making, facilitates proactive maintenance, and enhances the overall safety and reliability of the potable water supply. The investment in maintaining thorough and accurate records represents a commitment to responsible recreational vehicle ownership and the well-being of its occupants. The data also has the potential of highlighting improvements for sanitation procedures.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following addresses common inquiries regarding the proper sanitization of recreational vehicle potable water tanks. Strict adherence to established protocols is crucial for maintaining a safe and healthy water supply.
Question 1: How frequently should a recreational vehicle’s potable water tank undergo sanitation?
Sanitation should occur at minimum after periods of prolonged disuse, after acquiring a previously owned vehicle, or whenever contamination is suspected. The regularity of sanitation also depends on usage patterns and environmental conditions; monthly sanitization is recommended for frequent users in warm climates.
Question 2: What type of sanitizing agent is most effective for recreational vehicle water tanks?
Household bleach (unscented, 5-6% sodium hypochlorite) is commonly employed due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and cost-effectiveness. However, adherence to recommended concentrations is critical to prevent material degradation. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide or specialized RV tank cleaners, may also be used according to manufacturer instructions.
Question 3: Is it necessary to sanitize the entire water system, including water lines and faucets?
Yes, comprehensive sanitation necessitates the disinfection of all components within the water system. Bacteria and biofilms can accumulate in water lines, faucets, and showerheads, serving as a source of recontamination for the sanitized tank. This entails running the sanitizing solution through each faucet until a distinct chlorine odor is detected.
Question 4: What is the recommended contact time for the sanitizing solution within the tank?
A contact time of at least four hours is generally recommended to ensure adequate disinfection. For heavily contaminated tanks, an extended contact time of up to twelve hours may be necessary. Maintaining consistent contact with all interior tank surfaces is also essential.
Question 5: How can residual chlorine taste and odor be effectively eliminated after sanitation?
Thorough flushing with potable water is essential to remove residual chlorine. Multiple tank refills and drainages may be required to eliminate the odor completely. The use of activated carbon filters can further reduce chlorine levels and improve water palatability.
Question 6: Are there any specific precautions to observe during the sanitation process?
Adequate ventilation is essential when working with chlorine or other sanitizing agents. Skin and eye contact should be avoided. All potable water lines should be thoroughly flushed before using the water for drinking or cooking. Improper sanitation can pose a significant health risk.
Proper sanitation of potable water tanks is paramount for ensuring a safe and healthy water supply within recreational vehicles. Diligent adherence to recommended procedures and consistent monitoring are essential for mitigating the risk of waterborne illnesses.
The subsequent section will explore best practices for maintaining a sanitized water system, including water filtration and storage guidelines.
Guidance for Effective Recreational Vehicle Potable Water Tank Sanitation
These guidelines are designed to optimize the purification process, ensuring a safe and potable water supply within recreational vehicles.
Tip 1: Precise Measurement of Sanitizing Agent: Adherence to recommended concentration levels is paramount. Deviations can compromise disinfection efficacy or damage tank materials. Utilize calibrated measuring devices for accuracy.
Tip 2: Optimal Contact Time Determination: Adjust contact time based on environmental temperature. Lower temperatures necessitate extended contact to achieve adequate microbial inactivation. Prolong contact time accordingly.
Tip 3: Comprehensive Flushing Protocol: Execute multi-stage flushing following sanitation to eliminate residual sanitizing agents. Each stage should involve complete refilling and draining of the tank and water lines.
Tip 4: Routine Inspection of Tank Components: Conduct periodic inspections of the tank interior for sediment accumulation or biofilm formation. Physical cleaning may be necessary in severe cases.
Tip 5: Water Heater Bypass Utilization: Ensure the water heater is bypassed during sanitation to prevent corrosion and reduce the volume of sanitizing solution required. Verify bypass valve functionality prior to initiating the process.
Tip 6: Documentation of Sanitation Events: Maintain a detailed record of each sanitation procedure, including the date, sanitizing agent used, concentration, contact time, and chlorine residual measurements. This facilitates informed maintenance decisions.
Tip 7: Consideration of Alternative Sanitizing Agents: Research and evaluate alternative sanitizing agents, such as chlorine dioxide, based on their effectiveness and compatibility with tank materials. Follow manufacturer guidelines for proper application.
These tips promote both the effectiveness and safety of the recreational vehicle water tank sanitation process. Implementing these measures contributes to a reliably potable water supply.
The final section of this article will summarize the essential components for achieving comprehensive sanitation of the potable water tank.
Conclusion
The preceding discussion outlined procedures regarding how to sanitize rv water tank. Several critical elements were addressed, from drainage protocols to the maintenance of appropriate chlorine residuals. Strict adherence to these guidelines ensures the elimination of harmful microorganisms and the provision of potable water for recreational vehicle occupants.
The ongoing commitment to proper potable water tank maintenance represents a fundamental aspect of responsible recreational vehicle ownership. By prioritizing routine sanitation and diligently following established protocols, users can safeguard their health and ensure a consistent supply of clean drinking water during their travels.
